Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Literature Review

Abstract

The treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) by laparoscopic and open surgery shows significant differences in clinical and postoperative outcomes. This study aims to consolidate existing knowledge on the outcomes of both surgical techniques in the treatment of CRC. Through a comprehensive review of major medical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, research from the past decade was prioritized. The results highlight that laparoscopic surgery offers numerous advantages, including fewer postoperative complications, less blood loss, and shorter hospital stays, while maintaining comparable long-term oncologic outcomes to open surgery. However, challenges remain in patient management and the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery in complex cases. We conclude that ongoing research and health policy improvements are needed to optimize the management and outcomes of CRC patients undergoing laparoscopic and open surgery, and suggest new directions for future research and updates to clinical guidelines.